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Metal refineries are used to purify metals such as gold, copper, alumina,
lead, nickel, silver, uranium, and zinc. Refining literally means to take some material, separate it into its
constituents and create a purified product. Metal refineries are necessary
in order to obtain pure metals. There are several methods of refining metals
including liquation, distillation, oxidation and electrolytic methods.
The liquation method is used for metals with a low melting point compared to
the impurities within it. The distillation method is used for metals that
form vapours easily, so they can be heated and evaporated- leaving
impurities behind. The oxidation method the impurities are oxidized when air
is passed over the hot molten rock. Electrolytic refining involves making a
block of impure metal into the anode, a thin strip of pure metal is made
into a cathode, and an electrolyte is made out of a suitable metal-salt of
the metal to be refined. When an electric current is passed through the
cell, ions from the anode enter the electrolyte. The same number of metal
ions from the electrolyte gets deposited on the cathode. Impurities remain
in the electrolyte.
Metallurgy
Metallurgy is the science and technology of metals, including the
extraction of metals from ores and the preparation of metals for use.
Metallurgical processes consist of two operations: concentration and
refining. Concentration involves separating a metal or metallic compound
from the useless waste rock material (gangue) which accompanies it in the
ore. Refining produces the metal in a pure or nearly pure state suitable for
use.
Three types of processes are employed both for concentration and
refining: mechanical, chemical, and electrical. Chemical separation methods
are, in general, the most important from the economic point of view. A
greater tonnage of refined metal is obtained by smelting than by any other
process. In smelting, the ore, or the concentrate from a mechanical
separation process, is heated with a reducing agent and a flux to a high
temperature. The reducing agent combines with the oxygen in a metallic
oxide, leaving pure metal; and the flux combines with the gangue to form a
slag that is liquid at the smelting temperature and thus can be skimmed off
or poured away from the metal.
For over 70 years Hayes has been a processor and marketer of recyclable metals which are refined and sold internationally to customers specifications. A progressive third generation family-owned and operated enterprise, the group has gained an enviable reputation for innovation, quality and excellence in its recycling and smelting operations.
A gold, platinum, silver buyers, smelters, refiners. Gold buyers for all precious metal scrap gold, platinum and silver recycling, dental gold and gold scrap jewelry, platinum crucibles, platinum thermocouple wire, silver, sterling silver, assayers, Midwest Refineries, sell gold, sell platinum, sell silver. A gold refinery, platinum refiners and silver smelters to recover old scrap gold at gold market prices. Buyers of karat gold to pure gold and gold bullion and all palladium, platinum and rhodium scrap metal including all precious metals.
Precious Metal Assayers is a full service refiner of all precious metals. We buy, refine and assay all forms of gold, silver, platinum and palladium. We provide services to jewelers, pawn shops, dentists, dental laboratories, trade shops, manufacturers, machine shops, salvage companies, windshield manufacturers, fiberglass manufacturers, chemical laboratories, and the health care industry as well as providing individuals with the means to convert old gold, silver, platinum and palladium jewelry into cash.
Precious Metal Buyers is a full service refiner of all precious metals. We are buyers, refiners, recyclers, assayers, and smelters of gold, silver, platinum, all precious metals and scrap, including industrial platinum, palladium and rhodium. We serve both jewelers and the general public. Be sure to bookmark our site to check the current spot prices on gold, silver, platinum, and palladium. Precious Metal Buyers is a division of Northern Refineries.
Precious Metal Recovery is a full service refiner of all precious metals. We buy, refine and assay all forms of gold, silver, platinum and palladium. We provide services to jewelers, pawn shops, dentists, dental laboratories, trade shops, manufacturers, machine shops, salvage companies, windshield manufacturers, fiberglass manufacturers, chemical laboratories, and the health care industry as well as providing individuals with the means to convert old gold, silver, platinum and palladium jewelry into cash.
AGR Matthey, the only LBMA accredited refiner in Australia, currently refines the total annual production of gold in Australia. In addition, gold dore is also sourced from New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Thailand and Malaysia. Gold jewellery scrap is also sourced from a variety of Asian markets. Refinery throughput is expected to be between 350 tonnes and 400 tonnes in the current fiscal year. Refining capacities are well in excess of this.
The refinery uses four refining processes: chlorination electrolytic, gold refining, aqua regia digest refining, electrolytic silver refining. The combination of these four refining processes ensure the most cost effective treatment of gold and silver from mines, industrial scrap, jewellers’ lemels as well as other types of high and low grade material.
Essential Metals Corporation®, a wholly owned subsidiary of Formation Capital Corporation, announced in June of 2004 that the Sunshine Precious Metals Refinery, is back open for business and is currently accepting customers for the refining of silver and gold. Located in the world famous Silver Valley of the Coeur d'Alene mining district in northern Idaho, it provides customers ready access from both the Missoula, Montana and Spokane, Washington International airports. Other gateways include Calgary, Alberta and Seattle, Washington International airports.
In previous operations, the Sunshine Precious Metals Refinery has widely been recognized as among the best quality refiners, with consistent fineness of 999.9 silver or better and 999.9 gold or better. Core management from these previous operations have been retained by Essential Metals Corporation® for their expertise in operating the facility. High quality premium silver can also be provided with a certified minimum quality of 999.99 fineness.
IAR operates in the unique atmosphere of Istanbul's famous Grand Bazaar (also known as The Covered Bazaar), which for centuries has been the heart of the Gold Trade and jewellery production in Turkey and Ottoman Empire. Trade in the Grand Bazaar dominates the gold market in Turkey, some parts of the Middle East and Eastern Europe and has an important impact on the US and European jewellery markets.
The worldwide quality standard for refined gold is the 'True Assay'. To some extent we consider assaying to be similar to weighing bullion: in the same way that weight is not a determinant of quality, we consider that purity alone is not a fail-safe determinant of quality. Thus we consider the True Assay to be a minimum obligation rather than a quality standard for our refined gold. In fact, to meet our quality standards, sometimes even 999 pure gold is re-refined. Our objective is to produce gold without trace of dangerous impurities and gases.
Citect is a leading global provider of industrial automation, facilities automation, real-time intelligence, and next generation manufacturing execution systems (MES).
Citect has been providing global business solutions, engineering services and software to the automation market for over 30 years. Specializing in the delivery of innovative, reliable and cost effective solutions, Citect connects people in business and industry to real-time information in ways that improve business strategies and decisions.
Electrometals is a world leader in the development & supply of electrowinning technology. They specialise in an electrowinning technology which successfully overcomes many of limitations which plague conventional electrowinning plants.
Electrowinning is the electrochemical recovery of metals from their dissolved state. It involves the application of electrical current between two electrodes immersed in a metal bearing solution (known as electrolyte). Under the correct conditions the dissolved metal will plate on to the negative electrode (cathode).
The high performance of the EMEW® cell technology is achieved through a hydraulic mechanism which achieves higher rates of metal ion transport to a cathode than in a conventional electrowinning reactor. The essential difference is that the EMEW® cell is constructed from a pair of concentric tubular, rather than planar, electrodes. The ends of the assembly are fitted with plastic end caps, thus forming a closed chamber through which target solution can be pumped at high rate. The resulting high flow and efficient mixing result in 'forced' and continual supply of metal ions to the surface of the cathode.
Gladstone Pacific Nickel Limited (GPNL) is an Australian mining development company presently undertaking an Integrated Definitive Feasibility Study (IDFS) for the Gladstone Nickel Project (GNP).
The company's vision is to build a major long-life nickel cobalt refinery at the deepwater Port of Gladstone, in Central Queensland, Australia, treating abundant high grade nickel laterite ores from New Caledonia and other south-west Pacific islands, underpinned by beneficiated ores from its own Marlborough deposits. The Project has the potential to be one of the largest of its type in the world producing some 126,000 tpa nickel (8 -10% of global nickel demand) and 10,400 tpa of cobalt metal from its first two stages.
Marlborough Nickel Pty Ltd (MNPL), a wholly owned subsidiary of GPNL, owns 12 mining leases and a number of exploration permits over lateritic nickel/cobalt deposits about 175km north-west of Gladstone. These deposits contain over 1.4 billion pounds of nickel and 90 million pounds of cobalt in JORC resources in the initial five deposits (Slopeaway, Coorumburra East / Central / West, and Whereat – previously Junction).
Abington Metals, Precious Metal Recovery and Refining
Abington Metals Refinery and Manufacturing co., Inc. is a 3rd generation service organization. We reclaim precious metal value in scrap materials. Think of us as your recycler for this material. The best part about our service is that you will receive a monetary reward as well as the personal reward of recycling your material in an environmentally conscientious manner.
Our goal is to serve each customer with respect to their needs. Each customer, large or small, is important to us.
G&S metals are professional precious metal refiners for all your precious metals bench filings, scrap metal and precious metal solids. As precious metal refiners, we maintain a metallurgist on staff who works with our lab technicians. This combination produces quality refining and satisfied customers who put their trust in us.
Precious metal refining of scrap is a routine part of shop management. G&S Metals provide pre-labeled containers for collecting your precious metals bench filings and precious metal solids for refining precious metals. G&S Metals also provide pre-labeled heavyweight bags for your polishings and filters. As precious metal refiners, G&S Metals accepts any amount of precious metals. G&S Metals have no minimums for refining precious metals and base our fee on a sliding scale. You may exchange your refined metal for mill products, sell it or have it returned as 24K grain. We are proud of our prompt service.
Clean, cost-effective smelting with a high intensity submerged lance. Xstrata Technology’s ISASMELT™ provides an innovative, high intensity, yet low cost submerged lance smelting process that is simple to operate and that can be used for a range of applications including copper and lead smelting. ISASMELT is installed in major lead and copper smelting and converting operations around the world, including Australia, USA, Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, India, Malaysia, China and Zambia. More than six million tonnes of copper-containing materials are smelted each year with ISASMELT technology. Further plants are under construction in Peru and Kazakhstan.
One of the key strengths of the technology is the growing ISASMELT family itself. Xstrata Technology provides on going support to licensees following commissioning of plants and encourages frequent interaction between our own team and those of the clients, as well as interaction between client teams. We hold regular licensee workshops during which technical personnel from smelters all around the world gather to compare operating techniques and discuss how to improve their profitability further.
Logam Mulia, the only Precious Metal Refinery in Indonesia. Our company is one of six business units of PT Aneka Tambang Tbk. We already refine gold and silver since 1937 and now after more than 60 years experience, we’re no longer only refining precious metal but also manufacturing them into industrial product and jewellry.
Now Logam Mulia has four major business activities, they include Manufacturing, Refining, Assaying and Trading Services
Platinum Refineries is a full service refiner, assayer, smelter and broker of all precious metals. Industrial Platinum, Medical Platinum, Jewelry Platinum, Rhodium, Palladium, Gold and Silver assaying and refining is what we specialize in.
Platinum Refineries provide our customers with a state-of-the-art laboratory, utilizing the most advanced induction and chemical techniques to extract every grain of precious metals contained in your Platinum, Rhodium, Palladium, Gold and Silver scrap.
Platinum Refineries never charge refining fees, and with a variety of settlement options, fast turn-around time, and our precise and accurate assays our services are unparalleled in the industry.
The nickel refinery is the only refinery that produces electrolytic nickel and electrolytic cobalt in Japan. The nickel refinery started production of electrolytic nickel in 1939. Since that time, it has undergone 2 major production changes, and now produces electrolytic nickel using the MCLE (Matte Chlorine Leach Electrowinning) method. This MCLE method process is highly evaluated as an excellent industrial manufacturing technology of our country, making the refinery highly efficient even from a worldwide standard.
SMM has been working on overseas mine development since the early 1960's, when domestic mines were forced to close. SMM has been achieving steady results in obtaining non-ferrous metals, such as obtaining interests in many overseas mines through the good partnerships we have built with overseas mining companies known as "non-ferrous majors".
Robuck Metals Pty Ltd trading as Southern Cross Metal Recyclers was formally known as "South Yarra Metal Merchants". South Yarra Metal Merchants has been a scrap metal merchant and has operated a scrap metal recycling and scrap metal processing facility since 1957. Within that time this company has gained a vast amount of experience within this service industry and is well respected as an ethical and transparent operator.
We have undergone both geographical position changes together with a new management team that has carried it into the new millennium. This has involved ATO compliance with respect to the GST and has seen this industry undergo many operational changes. Make sure that the company that you entrust your resources with for the purposes of recycling conforms to all aspects and requirements of this industry.
WorleyParsons provides a comprehensive range of refinery services backed by over 55 years of global experience in grass roots, revamp, and expansion projects. We have developed a strong reputation for co-operative business models in the Refining sector throughout America, Europe and the Asia Pacific.
From feasibility studies to facility operations, we have the resources and capabilities to complete any refinery project using a variety of contracting approaches.
Many of our clients benefit from our unique alliance/partnering contracts that employ integrated engineering teams and deliver considerable cost and schedule savings compared to conventional project execution methods. WorleyParsons refining model is based on the provision of high skilled personnel in offices close to the refining facilties and shared risk and reward commerical terms. This leads to all the team being focussed on client business drivers.
