History of gold mining (28)
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Kingsgate Consolidated Limited - Australian gold mining and exploration company operating a modern gold mine and developing mineral resources in Thailand.
http://www.kingsgate.com.au/
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Gold panning |
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Gold rush |
History of gold mining
Kingsgate Consolidated Limited is an Australian gold mining and
exploration company operating a modern gold mine and developing mineral
resources in Thailand. Kingsgate Consolidated Limited (Kingsgate) is a
highly successful gold mining and exploration company, traded on the
Australian Stock Exchange (KCN: ASX). The company owns and operates the low
cost Chatree gold mine in central Thailand through its wholly-owned
subsidiary, Akara mining limited, using world's best practice for safe,
environmental and socially responsible operations.
Mining methods did not progress much until the 1780s. Mining techniques
can be divided into two basic excavation types: surface and sub-surface
mining. Surface mining includes open-hit mining, quarrying, strip mining,
placer mining, and mountaintop removal. Sub-surface mining can include drift
mining, slope mining, shaft mining, hard rock mining, borehole mining, drift
and fill mining, long hole stope mining, sublevel Caving, block Caving,
shrinkage stope mining, room and pillar, longwall mining, retreat mining.
Before machinery developed and companies with the finance to mine gold on a
large scale, miners would dig the pay dirt, removing unproductive layers of
overburden first. The pay dirt is then shaken down through a rocker box that
removes the big boulders. What is left is run through a sluice a contraption
that washes the pay dirt down a precisely angled trough. The water washes
down the sand, gravel and rocks. The heavier gold sinks to be caught in
riffles. What is removed mostly gold and dense black sand is panned by hand
to remove the last of the trash.
Once the earth's surface had been picked clean, miners organized into larger
camps and began digging deeper into the earth. This involved quartz or
hardrock mining, which used hydraulic drills and stamp machines. Hardrock
mining involved sinking shafts, then using drills to create holes where
dynamite could be detonated in. As the hole deepened, bits would be
exchanged for progressively longer and narrower ones. Water was added to the
hole to create a grinding compound and to help remove dirt and debris. Stamp
machines were used to crush large rocks removed from the mines.
By 1858, only those with big machinery could effectively mine the hills.
Individual miners and their small claims were replaced by large companies
that worked large tracts of land, employing scores of men.
History of gold rushes
Several gold rushes took place throughout the 19th century in Argentina,
Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United
States. The first significant gold rush in the United States was the Georgia
Gold Rush in the southern Appalachians, which started in 1829. It was
followed by the California Gold Rush of 1848 in the Sierra Nevada.
Successive gold rushes occurred in western North America, gradually moving
north: the Fraser Canyon, parts of British Columbia, and the Rocky
Mountains.
The Victorian gold rush, which occurred in Australia in 1851 soon after the
California gold rush, was the most significant of several Australian gold
rushes. With the Australian gold rushes came the construction of the first
railways and telegraph lines, multiculturalism and racism, the Eureka
Stockade and the end of penal transportation. Gold rushes played an
important role in settlement of new regions, as well as the economic
development of the nation.
Other significant gold rushes include the Central Otago (NZ) gold rush in
the 1860s, the Witwatersrand gold rush (South Africa) in 1880s, and the
Tierra del Fuego Gold Rush (Chile and Argentina) in the 1890s.
Kingsgate's rapidly growing reserve/resource position is fuelled by
exploration within a surrounding gold province which exhibits world class
potential. Click here for more information on our products and services...
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Gold mining in South Australia
http://www.southaustralianhistory.com.au/gold.htm
Flinders Ranges Research provides historical information and research services on both South Australia and the Northern Territory. It also has several of its publications on South Australian History for sale.
Although gold mining in South Australia never played a major part in its economic development, it directly stimulated excitement, and short and long term population movements both within the colony, and also between colonies. This was particularly the case with Victoria in the 1850s and to Western Australia in the 1890s. Indirectly gold mining contributed greatly towards the development of the local agricultural and manufacturing industries. During its heyday between 1881 and 1892 more than seventeen thousand gold licences were granted in South Australia....
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California's Natural Resources: A Brief History of the Gold Rush
http://ceres.ca.gov/ceres/calweb/geology/goldrush.html
California's Natural Resources: A Brief History of the Gold Rush
In January of 1848, James Marshall had a work crew camped on the American River at Coloma near Sacramento. The crew was building a saw mill for John Sutter. On the cold, clear morning of January 24, Marshall found a few tiny gold nuggets. Thus began one of the largest human migrations in history as a half-million people from around the world descended upon California in search of instant wealth....
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City of Jackson ˜ Mining History
http://www.ci.jackson.ca.us/Information/mining_history.htm
City of Jackson ˜ Mining History
The Kennedy Gold Mine is named for Andrew Kennedy, an Irish immigrant, who reportedly discovered a quartz outcropping in the late 1850's near what is now Highway 49. The Kennedy Mining Company was formed in 1860 when he and three partners began digging shafts near today's mine property entrance...
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Idaho Mining Association : History
http://www.idahomining.org/history.html
Official site of the Idaho Mining Association including the history of mining in Idaho, environmental issues, members, economics, news, technology, and educational resources.
In the Fall of 1860, a party of ten prospectors led by Captain E.D. Pierce entered the Nez Perce Reservation in search of mineral wealth. After a month of frustration, one of the men, Wilbur Bassett, found what he'd been looking for - Gold!....
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DMR - Mineral Resources - Gold
http://www.mme.state.va.us/DMR/DOCS/MinRes/GOLD/history.html
The first lode deposit was discovered in Virginia in 1806 at the Whitehall mine, located 1.5 miles (2.4 km) northwest of Shady Grove Church in the western part of Spotsylvania County. The first gold-mining company incorporated in Virginia was the Virginia Mining Company of New York. This company intermittently operated a lode deposit in the Grasty tract along Mine Run in Orange County from 1831 until 1934. From 1831 until 1910, no less than five companies conducted mining operations in this general area during several periods of substantial activity.
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California Gold Rush
http://www.ncgold.com/History/california-gold-rush.html
The California Gold Rush Comes Alive with true stories about people who lived it. Choose from over 50 informative California gold rush articles by Don Baumgart.
When gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill on the American River in 1848, it started the California Gold Rush, one of history's largest mass migrations. Here writer Don Baumgart brings the California Gold Rush alive by writing about the people who lived it
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NRE: The Virtual Exhibition - Mines
http://www.nre.vic.gov.au/virtualexhibition/Mines/Index.htm
The Virtual Exhibition - a collection of historical photographs - Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria, Australia
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Michigan Gold - Mining in the Upper Peninsula
http://www.portup.com/~dfount/michau.htm
Ever since I was a child growing up in the small town of Ishpeming on the Marquette Iron Range, I had heard of the old Ropes gold mine, but never knew much about it. I shared a common misconception about gold mines,namely that they generally produced large nuggets of gold which anyone could find just by digging a bit. A couple of trips to the old mine's rock dumps and an ill-fated panningexpedition to Gold Mine Creek (armed with a tin pie plate and plastic bags for my nuggets and gold dust) quickly dispelled these ideas....
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Alaska Riverways Inc - El Dorado Gold Mine
http://www.eldoradogoldmine.com/
Join the Binkley family for a trip through Alaska's gold mining history at the El Dorado Gold Mine. Ride the Tanana Valley Railroad for an adventure into the gold fields of the Interior. A two-hour guided tour takes you through a permafrost tunnel where Alaska's history comes alive. Enjoy a walking tour of our mining camp. Meet and talk with Alaska miners as you learn about present day placer mining methods.
After a short course in gold mining, grab your own "poke" filled with pay dirt right out of a sluice box and try your hand at panning for gold. Everyone finds gold. We guarantee it! In addition to a top-rated tour on the Chena and Tanana Rivers, you’ll enjoy a visit to the kennel of Iditorod champion musher, Susan Butcher, and a stop at the Chena Indian Village.
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History of The Monte Cristo Gold Mine
http://www.encyberpedia.com/
Monte Cristo Gold Mine-The History of the Famous Monte Cristo Gold Mine in the Angeles National Forest.
The first record of the discovery of gold reported in Los Angeles county was in 1834 From 1834 to 1838 the San Francisquito, Placerita Caceta and Santa Feliciana placers were worked by priests from the San Fernando and San Bueno Ventura missions. The placers of San Gabriel canyon were worked by priests and native Californians until 1848 when gold was discovered at Sutter's mill by Marshall. Reports of work on gold quartz veins in the Mount Gleason area indicate that the Monte Cristo mine was probably discovered very early.
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Historical Gold Prices 1800-2008
http://www.finfacts.ie/
One of the oldest civilisations known to man, the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, who lived in what is modern-day Iran and Iraq, first used gold as sacred, ornamental, and decorative instruments in the fifth millennium B.C. Around the same period, the early Egyptians —the richest gold-producing civilisation of the ancient world — began the art of gold refining. Like the Sumerians, the Egyptians used gold primarily for personal adornment, rather than for monetary purposes, although the kings of the fourth to sixth dynasties (c. 2700 - 2270 B.C.) did issue some gold coins.
The first large-scale, private issuance of pure gold coins was under King Croesus (560-546 B.C.), the ruler of ancient Lydia, modern-day western Turkey. Stamped with his royal emblem of the facing heads of a lion and a bull, these first known coins eventually became the standard of exchange for worldwide trade and commerce.
Finfacts is Ireland's leading business/personal finance/financial services and e-business information portal service providing both business users and personal financial consumers with breaking news and up-to-date information in a wide variety of areas from interest/deposit information to stock market performance and e-commerce.
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Osmondslinc.com
http://osmondslinc.com/
It is believed that around a hundred million years ago, as a result of violent shifts on the surface of the Earth, volcanic eruptions in the form of molten rocks containing Gold, rose to the earth's surface. It cooled to form extensive veins of gold. Though it's existence is everywhere around us, there are few parts where gold can be mined economically. About 17 tonnes of ore has to be extracted to get 1 ounce of gold.
There are two techniques to recover gold from the earth's surface, first from alluvial deposits in rivers and the other is by mining it. The deepest gold mines are about 4 Km. below the Earth's surface. Today, worldwide production amounts to over 2,000 tones annually. Although gold is mined in 50 countries, South Africa is the world's single largest producer. The other major producers are United States, Russia, Australia, Canada, China, Ghana and Latin America.
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Reed Gold Mine State Historic Site
http://www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us/
Reed Gold Mine is the site of the first documented gold find in the United States. From this discovery, gold mining spread gradually to nearby counties and eventually into other southern states. During its peak years gold mining was second only to farming in the number of North Carolinians it employed. The estimated value of gold recovered reached over one million dollars a year. North Carolina led the nation in gold production until 1848, when it was eclipsed by the great rush to California.
"Placer," or creek, gold mining led to underground mining when it was learned in 1825 that the metal also existed in veins of white quartz rock. The search for underground or "lode" gold required much more money, labor, and machinery.
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Discovernet: Australian Tales - Gold rush
http://www.collectionsaustralia.net/
Discoernet is the learning gateway to Australian Museums and Galleries. Developed by Australian Museums and Galleries Online (AMOL) in consultation with the Education Network of Australia, Discovernet offers a wealth of uniquely Australian stories, exhibitions, interactive games and research activities that are relevant to all curriculum areas.
Studybooster provides quick and easy access to web-based education resources produced by Australian cultural institutions. Search by subject area, or use key words and phrases such as "class activities" or "teachers notes".
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Minnesota mining history
http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/
An article about the history of mining in Minnesota from the publication, Digging Into Minnesota's Minerals, by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Lands and Minerals.
Long before any large-scale mining took place, American Indians in Minnesota used rock and mineral resources in their daily lives. Spear points, knives and scrapers were formed by flaking and chipping chert and flint. Ceremonial paints were made from grinding different colored rocks into powder. Clays were used to make pottery. Pipestone, a red rock also known as catlinite (CAT-lynn-ite), was used to carve pipes. Legend has it that the stone was made from the flesh and blood of their ancestors. The quarry in southwest Minnesota was considered sacred ground and where all Indians met in peace. Today, Pipestone National Monument, in Pipestone, is located on the site of the quarries.
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Gympie Historical Museum & Queensland gold mining history
http://www.gympiemuseum.com/site/museum/
Gympie Historical Museum & Queensland gold mining history
The Museum is set by a picturesque lake, the museum's collection of buildings house memorabilia from the early gold mining era, military, rural, transport, communications, steam and more . every facet of Gympie's colourful past.
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Gold - History for Kids
http://www.historyforkids.org/
Gold - History for Kids. People have been using gold to make jewelry since the Stone Age. You can find it just lying in little lumps in streams here and there. And gold is always pretty and yellow, even when it is just lying in the stream. But to get more gold you have to find gold mines underground. One early source of gold was Ethiopia. The Egyptians got their gold by trading for it with the Nubians in Ethiopia, as well as from their own mines. Many places in Africa have gold mines where people mined gold for jewelry and decorations. In West Africa, people traded gold for salt from the Sahara desert to their north.
History for Kids began in 1995 as a community service learning project for sophomores at Portland State University in Portland, Oregon. Since 2000, however, it has been entirely organized and run by Karen Carr. Dr. Carr holds a PhD in Classical Art and Archaeology from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and is an associate professor of History at Portland State University.
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NC Business History - Gold Mining
http://www.historync.org/goldmining.htm
The history and development of America's first gold rush - North Carolina
America's first gold rush was in North Carolina. The discovery of gold in 1799 in Cabarrus County and subsequent gold mining successes in the 1820s and 1830s made the state the leading producer of gold in the U.S. until 1849 and the California gold strike (1848)....
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A History of the Vulture Gold Mine in Arizona
http://www.jpc-training.com/
A History of the Vulture Gold Mine in Arizona. The Spanish came to Arizona in the 1500’s, looking for legendary cities of gold. They found only mud-walled adobe villages. The Mexicans mined some areas of Arizona in the 1700’s but the fierce Apaches soon drove them out. After the 1849 California gold rush began, Americans came to Arizona, but they were only on the route to California.
In 1858, Jake Snively discovered gold on the Gila River in the southwestern part of the state and, suddenly, Arizona was noticed. Frontiersman Pauline Weaver made another major strike in 1862, a little farther north along the Colorado river, at La Paz. With the second discovery, every miner who had not struck it rich in California headed for Arizona. Almost overnight, Arizona was awash with would-be millionaires.
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Historic Maldon, Victoria, Australia
http://www.maldon.org.au/
Welcome to historic Maldon, Victoria's Heart of Gold. Relax, enjoy the old time hospitality and feel the history.
Maldon and its surrounds offer a large range of accommodation facilities which include: farm house bed and breakfast; traditional bed and breakfast; self-contained cottages and houses in town, on farms and in the bush; caravan and camping parks; hotels, motels and the Derby Hill Blue Light complex.
Carmans Tunnel- Tourist gold mine - Open weekends, public holidays and school holidays. Victorian Goldfields Railway- Original steam trains running through the scenic forest to Castlemaine and return.
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U.K. Mine and Quarry Information and Exploration
http://www.mine-explorer.co.uk/
This website provides photographs and information on many of the disused mines found across the U.K. It is intended as a comprehensive resource for not only Mine-Explorers, but cavers, historians, industrial archaeologists and professional bodies. It relies on content provided from Mine-Explorers out in the field who continually update the database.
The Mine-Explorer sits somewhere between the caver and the Industrial Historian, both of which may also be found hanging around old mine workings. Caving is very much a sport, well known Internationally and highly developed. Cavers often venture into old mines as a change of scene to their usual naturally-formed haunts, as much of the kit and many of the techniques are the same. Mine Explorers are not cavers however, as is often assumed. I consider myself a Mine Explorer but have never caved in my life.
The Industrial Historian takes a keen interest, be it professionally or recreationally, in Britain's industrial past. He or she will often visit old mines, to study the workings of the bygone miner and remaining artefacts, to learn of the ways that once were, and to better their (and our) understanding of our heritage.
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Mining Hall of Fame
http://www.mininghall.com/
Go underground, pan for gold, or walk through the historic precincts, immerse yourself in the mining industry. Discover the attractions that present the past, present and future prospectors and miners of Australia. Inspirational, Educational - this is the Mining Hall of Fame.
The Mining Hall of Fame is situated just 3km from the centre of Kalgoorlie (Western Australia) on the Goldfields Highway. Kalgoorlie is regularly serviced by trains, buses and aircraft, and is a comfortable days drive from Perth on excellent roads. The historic goldfields city is just under 600 kilometres east of Perth. You can fly, sail drive or take a train to Perth, the sunny coastal capital of Western Australia.
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Bakers Creek Gold Mining Company - Unlocking Regional Memory
http://www.nswera.net.au/
Bakers Creek Gold Mining Company - Unlocking Regional Memory is a biographical, bibliographical and archival database of Archival and related materials relating to regional archival collections.
Baker’s Creek Goldmining Company was formed in August 1887 to exploit the rich mineral deposits of Hillgrove, a small mining town about 24 kilometres east of Armidale in northern New South Wales. Gold had been discovered there as early as the 1850s, but it was not until the late-1870s that mining proper began. John Bracken, Peter Daly and James Elliot had opened the Eleanora mine in the early-1880s and, after experimenting with the extraction of antimony, had decided to concentrate on procuring gold. But the township - at the time known as Eleanora after the mine which provided the sole reason for its existence - remained isolated.
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Northern Territory Minerals Council - NT mining history
http://www.ntminerals.org.au/
The written history of the Northern Territory is in many ways, the history of mining. It started in the early 1870s when the chance discovery of gold by workers building the Overland Telegraph from Adelaide to Darwin causing a minor rush to the north. Alluvial gold was found in a post hole at Yam Creek.
The main contributors to the rush were Chinese prospectors who, by the turn of the century, vastly outnumbered European miners. The Chinese principally mined the Pine Creek area and were real pioneers of this era in the Territory. In 1888, there were more than 800 Chinese miners and only 50 Europeans. In that year, the non-Aboriginal population of the Territory was made up of 6122 Chinese and 1144 Europeans.
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Primary School Human Society and Its Environment
http://www.primaryschool.com.au/
Primary Human Society and Its Environment lessons sites for kids and teacher resources.
Topics include life before the gold rush, California, Cover ups and early pioneers and prospectors. Information on Bushrangers and famous robberies in the goldfields. Explores the Bendigo Goldfields of the 1850s. Includes information on goldfield life, tools, the Chinese and laws. Topics detail the varied results of the gold rushes on the young colonies of Australia, and use newspapers, diaries and memoirs to uncover the personal experiences of those caught up in the rush.
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History of Beaconsfield Gold Mine
http://www.tco.asn.au/
History of Beaconsfield Gold Mine. The township of Beaconsfield is centred around the discovery of a quartz reef studded with gold in area in 1877. A minor rush by foot, bullock cart and Tamar River steamers followed soon after, and within a short time the area was covered in mining leases.
Within two years, it was evident that gold shed from the reef was limited, but a rich reef about 400 metres in length was beneath the surface of the already growing town of Beaconsfield. Only three companies held leases over that reef.
It soon became apparent that the rocks hosting the reef, acted as an underground water reservoir. Whichever company had the deepest shaft at any time, pumped the water to keep the others dry. In 1888 all mining leases were amalgamated into one locally owned Tasmanian gold company.
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Victor, Colorado - City of Gold Mines
http://www.victorcolorado.com/
Victor, Colorado - City of Gold Mines
Victor, City of Mines, is located at nearly 10,000 feet on the southwestern side of Pikes Peak, Victor, Colorado. The city sits on the side of Battle Mtn., offering a unique setting of 1890's gold mining structures and turn-of-the-century architecture, clean, cool air and plenty of sunshine.
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